Firmware

About

A firmware is any computer program that is tightly linked to hardware such:

• BIOS,
• bootstrap loaders,
• or the control systems of simple devices (such as a microwave oven, remote control, or computer peripheral.). They act here as the device's complete operating system (performing all control, monitoring and data manipulation functions). Firmware on an embedded system may be the only program that will run on the system and provide all of its functions.

Originally, a firmware was a program on the boundary between hardware and software; thus the name firmware.

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Management

Storage

Firmware is held in non-volatile memory devices such as ROM, EPROM, or flash memory.