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A name variable or function is scoped in Bash:

• by the subshell
• with the export built-in command
• with the source built-in command
• with the local declaration
• as part of the command. Example with IFS on looping over a PATH variable separated with : semi-colon

while IFS=':' read -r A_PATH; do
   echo "$A_PATH"
done <<< "$MY_PATH"